Post #8- Yar'Adua Passes Away

Photo courtesy of The Daily Enquirer

After a long struggle with heart and kidney problems, Nigerian president Umaru Yar'Adua passed away on Wednesday night at the age of 58. A May 5th article on by The New York Times describes the complex legacy he will leave behind. Yar'Adua's presidency got a controversial start with accusations of ballot-box stuffing and fraud, most of which are believed to be true. At the start of his presidency, Yar'Adua promised to end the rampant violence that hampered oil production in the Niger Delta, control corruption and fix the persistent power outtages in the country. However, Yar'Adua was not able to deliver on these promises; groups such as MEND still wreak havoc in the Niger Delta (although overall violence in the area has decreased), Nigeria's premier anti-corruption leader, Nuhu Ribadu, left the country after receiving death threats for cracking down on some of Yar'Adua's supporters and electricity still goes out at frequent intervals. But it cannot be forgotten that the transition from Presidents Obasanjo to Yar'Adua marked the first peaceful transfer of power in Nigeria since gaining its independence.

Yar'Adua's presidency and death brings up two very crucial questions for Nigeria. First and foremost, Nigeria's flawed democracy was both bolstered and hurt by Yar'Adua's presidency. While it is apparent that corruption will take years and years to leave the country in multiple facets of its society, the peaceful power transfer from Presidents Obasanjo to Yar'Adua and relatively peaceful power "transfer" from Yar'Adua to Jonathan are both signs that prove democracy may not be impossible. Second, because Yar'Adua, a Muslim, passed away with about a year left in his term and his Christian vice-president Goodluck Jonathan took office, there is significant debate over how to handle this so that the balance of each religion in power is maintained. For a country so divided on religious and ethnic cleavages, this issue is critical. In addition, because the Nigerian government has low legitimacy and little faith in the rule of law, implementing any changes in the country may result in violence and sharp disagreement. These issues cannot be easily resolved and require much thought and compromise, but any decisions made will most definitely have a significant impact on Nigeria's government and politics.

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Central Nigeria clashes lead to 'scores of deaths'

According to an article by the BBC News, Nigeria has witnessed another gruesome ethnic clash in the city of Jos. Similar to the attack in January, the religious conflict purportedly left "scores of people" dead in its wake, and countless more maimed. The religious clash began early on Sunday morning when gangs of men descended on the town, firing sporadically as they went. The shooting was merely an effort by the gangs to force residents into the streets, where they were viciously hacked by machetes. An anonymous government official estimated at least 100 had been killed-- the majority women and children. Additionally, witnesses of the brutal ethnic confrontation said corpses were piled in mounds in the village of Dogo-Nahawa, which is a few miles away from Jos. A doctor at a local clinic in Jos stated most of the people seeking treatment from the attack suffered from burns and machete cuts.

Acting President Goodluck Jonathan placed all of the security forces in the vicinity of Jos on full alert, revealing his fear that this attack might lead to a conflict with "cross-border dimensions". President Jonathan has also issued the deployment of troops to Jos in a concerted effort to regain a sense of order. Additionally, he "ordered those behind the violence to be found."

This most recent display of religious violence in Jos blatantly reveals the widespread cleavages in Nigeria. The north-south divide of Christianity and Islam has resulted in repeated outbreaks of bloodshed, causing the deaths of thousands. Nigerians are obviously more heavily tied to their religious affiliation than their state, causing unbridled violence against people who are identical to them in every way other than religion. The Jos clash also deals with the political institutions of the state. President Jonathan's legitimacy might increase if his attempt to confront the people responsible for the attack is successful, as it gives Nigerians a greater sense of trust in their leader. This article also touches on the fragmentation of Nigerian society, as each region seems to have certain ethnic or religious ties which damages the effectiveness and stability of the country.

Photo Credit: BBC News

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